A Research on the Quality of Public Transportation Services by Bus in Vietnam

This study was conducted to assess the status of the quality of public passenger transport services by bus in Hanoi. Data were collected from regular passengers using buses as a means of transportation in the city, including passengers standing at stations, waiting shelters and on vehicles to make trips and students of some universities who use buses as a means of transportation. We employ descriptive statistics and hierarchical analysis to learn about the topic of research. The results indicate that the quality of public transport services by buses in Hanoi, which was judged by passengers quite well. In particular, the safety level, convenience, security and hygiene is up to 70%, which was higher than the highest quality level. Quality of fast level and reliability are low. Keywords: quality of services, public passenger transport, buses, Vietnam. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/10-13-04 Publication date:July 31st 201

Automatic Knowledge Extraction from OCR Documents Using Hierarchical Document Analysis

Industries can improve their business efficiency by analyzing and extracting relevant knowledge from large numbers of documents. Knowledge extraction manually from large volume of documents is labor intensive, unscalable and challenging. Consequently, there have been a number of attempts to develop intelligent systems to automatically extract relevant knowledge from OCR documents. Moreover, the automatic system can improve the capability of search engine by providing application-specific domain knowledge. However, extracting the efficient information from OCR documents is challenging due to highly unstructured format. In this paper, we propose an efficient framework for a knowledge extraction system that takes keywords based queries and automatically extracts their most relevant knowledge from OCR documents by using text mining techniques. The framework can provide relevance ranking of knowledge to a given query. We tested the proposed framework on corpus of documents at GE Power where document consists of more than hundred pages in PDF

Study on synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple leaf waste and its potential applications as a thickener

In this study, cellulose and hemicellulose were successfully extracted from pineapple leaf waste at yields of 58.8 and 16.1% by dried weight, respectively. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was synthesised from pineapple leaf cellulose by an esterification process using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA) with isopropanol as the supporting medium. Preparation of CMC was investigated by varying three free factors, namely, NaOH concentration, MCA dose, and cellulose size. The carboxymethylation process was optimised to produce CMC with differing degrees of substitution (DS). The highest DS of CMC (0.86) was obtained with 15% (w/v) NaOH solution, 0.6 g of MCA/g cellulose, and 50 μm cellulose. The obtained CMC were characterised by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM images and XRD diffractions. Moreover, the thickening performance of obtained CMC was also determined. The influence of the CMC’s molecular weight and degree of substitution on the viscosity of 1% (w/v) aqueous solution was tested. The experimental results suggest that the viscosity of the solution increases with increasing molecular weight and degree of substitution of CMC

Cross-sectional study of coeliac autoimmunity in a population of Vietnamese children

Objective: The prevalence of coeliac disease (CD) inVietnam is unknown. To fill this void, we assessed the prevalence of serological markers of CD autoimmunity in a population of children in Hanoi. Setting: The outpatient blood drawing laboratory of the largest paediatric hospital in North Vietnam was used for the study, which was part of an international project of collaboration between Italy and Vietnam. Participants: Children having blood drawn for any reason were included. Exclusion criteria were age younger than 2 years, acquired or congenital immune deficiency and inadequate sample. A total of 1961 children (96%) were enrolled (838 females, 1123 males, median age 5.3 years). Outcomes: Primary outcome was the prevalence of positive autoimmunity to both IgA antitransglutaminase antibodies (anti-tTG) assessed with an ELISA test and antiendomysial antibodies (EMA). Secondary outcome was the prevalence of CD predisposing human leucocyte antigens (HLA) (HLA DQ2/8) in the positive children and in a random group of samples negative for IgA anti-tTG. Results: The IgA anti-tTG test was positive in 21/1961 (1%; 95% CI 0.61% to 1.53%); however, EMA antibodies were negative in all. HLA DQ2/8 was present in 7/21 (33%; 95% CI 14.5% to 56.9%) of the anti-tTG-positive children and in 72/275 (26%; 95% CI 21% to 32%) of those who were negative. Conclusions: Coeliac autoimmunity is rare in Vietnam, although prevalence of HLA DQ2/8 is similar to that of other countries. We hypothesise that the scarce exposure to gluten could be responsible for these findings

Faciliter l'accès aux documents anciens en améliorant les résultats de la numérisation

Born-analog documents contain enormous knowledge which is valuable to our society. For the purpose of preservation and easy accessibility, several digitisation projects have converted these documents into digital texts by using optical character recognition (OCR) software. Some existing problems of OCR techniques prevent users and further processes from accessing, searching, or retrieving information on these digitised collections, and so limit the benefits of these above projects.A notable limitation is the fact that certain meaningful structures such as chapters, sections, etc., are not available from OCRed books. Thus, it is not convenient for users to navigate or search information inside books. Another constraint is that the accuracy of modern OCR engines on historical documents substantially decreases. Erroneous OCR output considerably impacts on the performance of search engines and natural language processing systems. This thesis facilitates access to historical digitised documents by addressing such problems.Several approaches are proposed within this thesis, aiming to reconstruct the logical book structures and to improve the quality of digitised text.The first contribution is to rebuild the logical book structures. An ensemble method is introduced to extract tables of contents of digitised books. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art for both evaluation metrics.The major contribution of this thesis is to provide methodologies to reduce OCR errors. Common and different features between OCR errors and human misspellings are clarified for better designing post-OCR processing. Normally, a post-processing system detects and corrects remaining errors. However, it is reasonable to treat them separately in some applications which allow to filter out, flag, or selectively reprocess such data. In this thesis, we examine different post-OCR approaches, ones based on error model and language model, and others that involve neural network models. Results reveal that the performance of our proposals is comparable to several strong baselines on English datasets of the two competitions on post-OCR text correction organised in the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition in 2017 and 2019.Les documents papiers sont à la base de nos connaissances et renferment une myriade d’information dont certaines sont très précieuses pour notre société. Dans un but de préservation et afin de les rendre plus accessibles, de nombreux projets de numérisation visent à convertir ce type de documents en textes numérisés, notamment en utilisant des logiciels de reconnaissance optique de caractères (OCR). Toutefois, certains problèmes inhérents aux techniques actuelles d’OCR rendent difficiles la recherche ou l’accès aux informations présentes dans ces collections numérisées, tant pour les utilisateurs que pour les processus automatiques, et limitent ainsi l’impact de ces efforts de numérisation.L’une des limitations de la numérisation repose sur le processus même puisque les documents numérisés ne sont pas immédiatement réprésentés sous leur forme logique (partie, chapitre, section, etc.), mais de façon physique. Ainsi, une œuvre sera numérisée page par page, ce qui ne correspondant généralement qu’à une organisation physique et pas à l’intention rédactionnelle des auteurs. La structure logique des documents doit ainsi être extraite afin de permettre aux utilisateurs de naviguer dans les collections ou même de trouver des informations au sein d’un ouvrage.Un second verrou du processus de numérisation, qui en est également le plus important, correspond aux performances des moteurs d’OCR. En effet, celles-ci sont substantiellement réduites pour les documents patrimoniaux qui ont généralement subis des dégradations. Les erreurs d’OCR que cela induit ont un impact non négligeable sur la performance des outils de recherches et sur les systèmes de traitement du langage naturel puisqu’il faut par exemple apparier des besoins bien écrits à des textes mal reconnus. Cette thèse a pour objectif de faciliter l’accès aux documents historiques numérisés en étudiant les problèmes précédemment mentionnés.En vue de faciliter l’accès aux documents historiques, plusieurs approches sont pro- posées, visant à reconstruire les structures logiques des ouvrages et à améliorer la qualité des textes numérisés par OCR.En ce qui concerne l’extraction de la structure logique, nous avons développé des approches de fusion combinant des méthodes préexistantes afin d’extraire la table des matières d’ouvrages numérisés. Nos expériences ont démontré que cette approche surpasse l’état de l’art. La contribution majeure de cette thèse fournit, quant à elle, des méthodes pour la détection et la correction des erreurs d’OCR. Les caractéristiques communes et divergentes entre les erreurs d’OCR et celles des utilisateurs sont clarifiées pour mieux concevoir les traitements post-OCR. Normalement, un système de post-traitement détecte et rectifie les erreurs résiduelles. Toutefois, il peut être préférable de gérer ces erreurs séparément grâce à des applications qui permettent de filtrer, d’étiqueter, ou de traiter sélectivement de telles données. Dans cette étude, nous examinons différentes approches post-OCR basées sur la modélisation des erreurs typiques observées, et sur des modèles de réseaux de neurones. Les résultats montrent que les performances de nos méthodes sont comparables à plusieurs méthodes de référence sur des jeux de données en anglais utilisés lors des deux premières éditions de la compétition sur la correction des textes post-OCR organisée durant les conférence ICDAR en 2017 et 2019

Digital Transformation: Opportunities and Challenges for Leaders in the Emerging Countries in Response to Covid-19 Pandemic

Digital transformation is in a period of strong development, playing an important role in the development of public and private organizations. Its implications are still being clarified. However, up to now, the category of digital transformation has many different conceptions. Therefore, the objective of the paper contributes to the interpretation and discovery of the perception of digital transformation, the cognitive development of digital transformation, the positive aspects of the digital transformation process, the achievements achieved, the urgency of the digital transformation before the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and challenges and limitations in the initiative of the contingent of civil servants and leaders in the digital transformation process. The research method is mainly based on the available documents from journals, books, research works, and the views of the authors expressed on the websites as a basis for making the analysis evaluate. The discoveries in the research will contribute to building the theoretical basis and direction in making some suggestions for leaders. In practical terms, research has shown that digital transformation can be a challenge, but perceive and prepare for leadership thinking innovation that drives successful digital transformation across countries, especially emerging countries is essential. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SPER-03 Full Text: PD

Antibiotic Resistance of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in Children with Gastritis and Peptic Ulcers in Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer. H. pylori eradication efficacy is low worldwide, and antibiotic resistance is the leading cause of therapy failure; therefore, this study was performed to determine the characteristics of antibiotic resistance of H. pylori in children with gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 237 pediatric patients diagnosed with gastroduodenal inflammation and ulcer at two hospitals in Vietnam from March 2019 to April 2022. Pediatric patients with positive H. pylori tests continued to do E-tests to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic so that we could prescribe effective antibiotics based on the sensitivity. Results: In 237 pediatric patients (51.1% males) with a median age of 10.3 years (range 5–16 years), endoscopic images showed that inflammatory lesions and peptic ulcers accounted for 69.2% and 30.8%, respectively. Resistance rates of H. pylori were 80.6% to clarithromycin (CLR), 71.7% to amoxicillin (AMX), 49.4% to metronidazole (MTZ), 45.1% to levofloxacin (LEV), and 11.4% to tetracycline (TET); dual resistance to AMX + CLR was 64.2%, AMX + LEV 35%, AMX + MTZ 33.3%, CLR + MTZ 32.5%, and TET + MTZ 7.2%. The frequency of clarithromycin resistance was significantly increased, particularly in pediatric patients who had received prior H. pylori treatment. The percentage of amoxicillin resistance increased with age; amoxicillin resistance of H. pylori was more prevalent among pediatric patients with peptic ulcers than those with gastroduodenal inflammation and higher in males than females. Conclusions: The proportions of resistance to CLR, AMX, MTZ, and LEV were extremely high, in contrast to TET, which was lower in pediatric patients. Our study suggests that the standard triple therapy with CLR should be limited as the empiric therapy for pediatric patients, and we should consider using eradication regimens with TET for children over 8 years of age if the medical facility is not qualified to perform antibiotic susceptibility tests of H. pylori in the Mekong Delta

Cellulose Nanomaterials as a Future, Sustainable and Renewable Material

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are renewable, bio-derived materials that can address not only technological challenges but also social impacts. This ability results from their unique properties, for example, high mechanical strength, high degree of crystallinity, biodegradable, tunable shape, size, and functional surface chemistry. This minireview provides chemical and physical features of cellulose nanomaterials and recent developments as an adsorbent and an antimicrobial material generated from bio-renewable sources

ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MÔI TRƯỜNG DINH DƯỠNG VÀ MẬT ĐỘ BAN ĐẦU ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG CỦA VI TẢO Nanochloropsis oculata VÀ THỬ NGHIỆM NUÔI SINH KHỐI TRONG ĐIỀU KIỆN ÁNH SÁNG TỰ NHIÊN Ở THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

This paper aims at identifying the effect of the nutrient medium and initial density on the growth of microalgae Nanochloropsis oculata and performing experiments of biomass cultivation under outdoor conditions. The findings showed that the Walne medium was the best for N. oculata to develop. After 9 days, N. oculata at the initial density of 20% reached the maximal density at (54,95 ± 3,03) × 105 cells/mL with a fairly stable, balanced phase. After 8 days, N. oculata biomass reached the maximal density at (60,69 ± 4,43) × 105 cells/mL when cultured in nylon bags, and (39,56 ± 2,68) × 105 cells/mL in 50 L styrofoam boxes.Nghiên cứu nhằm xác định ảnh hưởng của môi trường dinh dưỡng, mật độ ban đầu đến sinh trưởng của vi tảo Nanochloropsis oculata và thử nghiệm nuôi sinh khối trong điều kiện nuôi kín (túi nilon) và nuôi hở (thùng xốp) với các điều kiện nuôi cơ bản. Kết quả cho thấy vi tảo Nanochloropsis oculata sinh trưởng tốt nhất trong môi trường Walne. Thể tích tiếp giống ban đầu 20% (Vgiống/Vmt) cho kết quả phát triển tốt nhất với mật độ cực đại (54,95 ± 3,03) × 105 tế bào/mL sau 9 ngày nuôi cấy, có pha cân bằng ổn định. Nuôi sinh khối vi tảo Nanochloropsis oculata trong điều kiện ánh sáng tự nhiên trong điều kiện nuôi kín (túi nilon 50 L) sau 8 ngày nuôi mật độ tảo đạt cực đại (60,69 ± 4,43) × 105 tế bào/mL và nuôi hở (thùng xốp 50 L) có kích thước (540 × 385 × 300 mm) chỉ đạt (39,56 ± 2,68) × 105 tế bào/mL